Integrated circuits, commonly known as ICs, are essential components found in virtually all electronic devices today. These tiny chips serve as the building blocks of electronic systems, containing hundreds to millions of transistors, capacitors, and resistors in a single unit. They are the brains behind the operation of devices such as smartphones, computers, and automotive systems. Integrated circuits are designed to perform a wide range of functions, including processing and storing data, amplifying signals, and controlling the flow of electricity. Their compact size and high level of integration make them highly efficient and cost-effective. With the advancement of technology, integrated circuits continue to evolve, becoming more powerful, energy-efficient, and versatile. Manufacturers are constantly developing new IC designs to meet the growing demand for faster and more efficient electronic devices. In summary, integrated circuits are the backbone of modern electronics, enabling the development of innovative and highly functional products that have revolutionized the way we live and work.